Hebron, located in the southern part of the West Bank, is the only Palestinian city where Jewish settlers live in the very heart of the town. Hebron - Al-Khalil in Arabic, Hevron in Hebrew – hosts a crucial symbolic and strategic stake: the Tomb of the Patriarchs, a shrine holy to both Muslims and Jews.

The town is divided into two parts: H1 under the control of the Palestinian Authority and H2, an area of 4.3 km² under the control of the Israeli authorities, which is the economic, historic and religious centre of the town. This zone includes the old city where 500 Jewish settlers live, split into four highly protected settlements.

Today, more than 50% of the Palestinian community has left the old city as a result of the military occupation, the expulsions, the destruction of houses, the closure of their businesses and the constant harassment by Jewish settlers.